x402 Base Pulse

// A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone or local calendar, encoded as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond resolution. The count is relative to an epoch at UTC midnight on January 1, 1970, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar which extends the Gregorian calendar backwards to year one. All minutes are 60 seconds long. Leap seconds are "smeared" so that no leap second table is needed for interpretation, using a [24-hour linear smear](https://developers.google.com/time/smear). The range is from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. By restricting to that range, we ensure that we can convert to and from [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) date strings. # Examples Example 1: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `time()`. Timestamp timestamp; timestamp.set_seconds(time(NULL)); timestamp.set_nanos(0); Example 2: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `gettimeofday()`. struct timeval tv; gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); Timestamp timestamp; timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec); timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec * 1000); Example 3: Compute Timestamp from Win32 `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`. FILETIME ft; GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft); UINT64 ticks = (((UINT64)ft.dwHighDateTime) << 32) | ft.dwLowDateTime; // A Windows tick is 100 nanoseconds. Windows epoch 1601-01-01T00:00:00Z // is 11644473600 seconds before Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Timestamp timestamp; timestamp.set_seconds((INT64) ((ticks / 10000000) - 11644473600LL)); timestamp.set_nanos((INT32) ((ticks % 10000000) * 100)); Example 4: Compute Timestamp from Java `System.currentTimeMillis()`. long millis = System.currentTimeMillis(); Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(millis / 1000) .setNanos((int) ((millis % 1000) * 1000000)).build(); Example 5: Compute Timestamp from Java `Instant.now()`. Instant now = Instant.now(); Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(now.getEpochSecond()) .setNanos(now.getNano()).build(); Example 6: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python. timestamp = Timestamp() timestamp.GetCurrentTime() # JSON Mapping In JSON format, the Timestamp type is encoded as a string in the [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) format. That is, the format is "{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:{min}:{sec}[.{frac_sec}]Z" where {year} is always expressed using four digits while {month}, {day}, {hour}, {min}, and {sec} are zero-padded to two digits each. The fractional seconds, which can go up to 9 digits (i.e. up to 1 nanosecond resolution), are optional. The "Z" suffix indicates the timezone ("UTC"); the timezone is required. A proto3 JSON serializer should always use UTC (as indicated by "Z") when printing the Timestamp type and a proto3 JSON parser should be able to accept both UTC and other timezones (as indicated by an offset). For example, "2017-01-15T01:30:15.01Z" encodes 15.01 seconds past 01:30 UTC on January 15, 2017. In JavaScript, one can convert a Date object to this format using the standard [toISOString()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toISOString) method. In Python, a standard `datetime.datetime` object can be converted to this format using [`strftime`](https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime) with the time format spec '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'. Likewise, in Java, one can use the Joda Time's [`ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime()`]( http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateTime%2D%2D ) to obtain a formatter capable of generating timestamps in this format.

// A Duration represents a signed, fixed-length span of time represented as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond resolution. It is independent of any calendar and concepts like "day" or "month". It is related to Timestamp in that the difference between two Timestamp values is a Duration and it can be added or subtracted from a Timestamp. Range is approximately +-10,000 years. # Examples Example 1: Compute Duration from two Timestamps in pseudo code. Timestamp start = ...; Timestamp end = ...; Duration duration = ...; duration.seconds = end.seconds - start.seconds; duration.nanos = end.nanos - start.nanos; if (duration.seconds < 0 && duration.nanos > 0) { duration.seconds += 1; duration.nanos -= 1000000000; } else if (duration.seconds > 0 && duration.nanos < 0) { duration.seconds -= 1; duration.nanos += 1000000000; } Example 2: Compute Timestamp from Timestamp + Duration in pseudo code. Timestamp start = ...; Duration duration = ...; Timestamp end = ...; end.seconds = start.seconds + duration.seconds; end.nanos = start.nanos + duration.nanos; if (end.nanos < 0) { end.seconds -= 1; end.nanos += 1000000000; } else if (end.nanos >= 1000000000) { end.seconds += 1; end.nanos -= 1000000000; } Example 3: Compute Duration from datetime.timedelta in Python. td = datetime.timedelta(days=3, minutes=10) duration = Duration() duration.FromTimedelta(td) # JSON Mapping In JSON format, the Duration type is encoded as a string rather than an object, where the string ends in the suffix "s" (indicating seconds) and is preceded by the number of seconds, with nanoseconds expressed as fractional seconds. For example, 3 seconds with 0 nanoseconds should be encoded in JSON format as "3s", while 3 seconds and 1 nanosecond should be expressed in JSON format as "3.000000001s", and 3 seconds and 1 microsecond should be expressed in JSON format as "3.000001s".

// Describes the relationship between generated code and its original source file. A GeneratedCodeInfo message is associated with only one generated source file, but may contain references to different source .proto files.

// ModuleStats gathers metrics and statistics from each module, running on tier1 or tier2 All the 'count' and 'time_ms' values may include duplicate for each stage going over that module

// Aggregated recipient (resource server) statistics

// `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized protocol buffer message along with a URL that describes the type of the serialized message. Protobuf library provides support to pack/unpack Any values in the form of utility functions or additional generated methods of the Any type. Example 1: Pack and unpack a message in C++. Foo foo = ...; Any any; any.PackFrom(foo); ... if (any.UnpackTo(&foo)) { ... } Example 2: Pack and unpack a message in Java. Foo foo = ...; Any any = Any.pack(foo); ... if (any.is(Foo.class)) { foo = any.unpack(Foo.class); } Example 3: Pack and unpack a message in Python. foo = Foo(...) any = Any() any.Pack(foo) ... if any.Is(Foo.DESCRIPTOR): any.Unpack(foo) ... Example 4: Pack and unpack a message in Go foo := &pb.Foo{...} any, err := anypb.New(foo) if err != nil { ... } ... foo := &pb.Foo{} if err := any.UnmarshalTo(foo); err != nil { ... } The pack methods provided by protobuf library will by default use 'type.googleapis.com/full.type.name' as the type URL and the unpack methods only use the fully qualified type name after the last '/' in the type URL, for example "foo.bar.com/x/y.z" will yield type name "y.z". JSON The JSON representation of an `Any` value uses the regular representation of the deserialized, embedded message, with an additional field `@type` which contains the type URL. Example: package google.profile; message Person { string first_name = 1; string last_name = 2; } { "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.profile.Person", "firstName": <string>, "lastName": <string> } If the embedded message type is well-known and has a custom JSON representation, that representation will be embedded adding a field `value` which holds the custom JSON in addition to the `@type` field. Example (for message [google.protobuf.Duration][]): { "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration", "value": "1.212s" }

// StoreModuleOutput are produced for store modules in development mode. It is not possible to retrieve store models in production, with parallelization enabled. If you need the deltas directly, write a pass through mapper module that will get them down to you.

// AccessTuple represents a list of storage keys for a given contract's address and is used for AccessList construction.

// The gas change model represents the reason why some gas cost has occurred. The gas is computed per actual op codes. Doing them completely might prove overwhelming in most cases. Hence, we only index some of them, those that are costy like all the calls one, log events, return data, etc.

// A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class. DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore, options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(), or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions in them.

// HeaderOnlyBlock is used to optimally unpack the [Block] structure (note the corresponding message number for the `header` field) while consuming less memory, when only the `header` is desired. WARN: this is a client-side optimization pattern and should be moved in the consuming code.

// Facilitator gas economics

// BlockWithRefs is a lightweight block, with traces and transactions purged from the `block` within, and only. It is used in transports to pass block data around.

// The name of the uninterpreted option. Each string represents a segment in a dot-separated name. is_extension is true iff a segment represents an extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files). E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["moo", false] } represents "foo.(bar.baz).moo".

// https://www.graphile.org/postgraphile/

// https://github.com/sosedoff/pgweb

// Describes a method of a service.

// Describes a oneof.

// Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved values may not be used by entries in the same enum. Reserved ranges may not overlap. Note that this is distinct from DescriptorProto.ReservedRange in that it is inclusive such that it can appropriately represent the entire int32 domain.

// Aggregated payer statistics

// The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto files it parses.

// Describes an enum type.

// Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a FileDescriptorProto was generated.

// Clock is a pointer to a block with added timestamp

// FacilitatorRegistry events detected in a block

// Describes a value within an enum.

// Range of reserved tag numbers. Reserved tag numbers may not be used by fields or extension ranges in the same message. Reserved ranges may not overlap.

// https://github.com/semiotic-ai/sql-wrapper

// BlockRef is a pointer to a block to which we don't know the timestamp

// BlockUndoSignal informs you that every bit of data with a block number above 'last_valid_block' has been reverted on-chain. Delete that data and restart from 'last_valid_cursor'

// A single x402 payment settlement Detected via two mechanisms per the x402 protocol (https://docs.cdp.coinbase.com/x402/core-concepts/how-it-works): 1. EIP-3009: AuthorizationUsed events on USDC from facilitator calling transferWithAuthorization. The nonce field is populated. 2. Permit2 proxy: Settled/SettledWithPermit events from the x402ExactPermit2Proxy contract (when deployed on mainnet).

// Describes a message type.

// https://www.getdbt.com/product/what-is-dbt

// https://hasura.io/docs/latest/index/

// Describes a field within a message.

// Describes a service.

// Binary represents some code compiled to its binary form.

// ModulesProgress is a message that is sent every 500ms

// Describes a complete .proto file.

// All x402 settlements detected in a block