// A Timestamp represents a point in time independent of any time zone or local calendar, encoded as a count of seconds and fractions of seconds at nanosecond resolution. The count is relative to an epoch at UTC midnight on January 1, 1970, in the proleptic Gregorian calendar which extends the Gregorian calendar backwards to year one. All minutes are 60 seconds long. Leap seconds are "smeared" so that no leap second table is needed for interpretation, using a [24-hour linear smear](https://developers.google.com/time/smear). The range is from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z. By restricting to that range, we ensure that we can convert to and from [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) date strings. # Examples Example 1: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `time()`. Timestamp timestamp; timestamp.set_seconds(time(NULL)); timestamp.set_nanos(0); Example 2: Compute Timestamp from POSIX `gettimeofday()`. struct timeval tv; gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); Timestamp timestamp; timestamp.set_seconds(tv.tv_sec); timestamp.set_nanos(tv.tv_usec * 1000); Example 3: Compute Timestamp from Win32 `GetSystemTimeAsFileTime()`. FILETIME ft; GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft); UINT64 ticks = (((UINT64)ft.dwHighDateTime) << 32) | ft.dwLowDateTime; // A Windows tick is 100 nanoseconds. Windows epoch 1601-01-01T00:00:00Z // is 11644473600 seconds before Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Timestamp timestamp; timestamp.set_seconds((INT64) ((ticks / 10000000) - 11644473600LL)); timestamp.set_nanos((INT32) ((ticks % 10000000) * 100)); Example 4: Compute Timestamp from Java `System.currentTimeMillis()`. long millis = System.currentTimeMillis(); Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(millis / 1000) .setNanos((int) ((millis % 1000) * 1000000)).build(); Example 5: Compute Timestamp from Java `Instant.now()`. Instant now = Instant.now(); Timestamp timestamp = Timestamp.newBuilder().setSeconds(now.getEpochSecond()) .setNanos(now.getNano()).build(); Example 6: Compute Timestamp from current time in Python. timestamp = Timestamp() timestamp.GetCurrentTime() # JSON Mapping In JSON format, the Timestamp type is encoded as a string in the [RFC 3339](https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3339.txt) format. That is, the format is "{year}-{month}-{day}T{hour}:{min}:{sec}[.{frac_sec}]Z" where {year} is always expressed using four digits while {month}, {day}, {hour}, {min}, and {sec} are zero-padded to two digits each. The fractional seconds, which can go up to 9 digits (i.e. up to 1 nanosecond resolution), are optional. The "Z" suffix indicates the timezone ("UTC"); the timezone is required. A proto3 JSON serializer should always use UTC (as indicated by "Z") when printing the Timestamp type and a proto3 JSON parser should be able to accept both UTC and other timezones (as indicated by an offset). For example, "2017-01-15T01:30:15.01Z" encodes 15.01 seconds past 01:30 UTC on January 15, 2017. In JavaScript, one can convert a Date object to this format using the standard [toISOString()](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Date/toISOString) method. In Python, a standard `datetime.datetime` object can be converted to this format using [`strftime`](https://docs.python.org/2/library/time.html#time.strftime) with the time format spec '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%fZ'. Likewise, in Java, one can use the Joda Time's [`ISODateTimeFormat.dateTime()`]( http://www.joda.org/joda-time/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/ISODateTimeFormat.html#dateTime%2D%2D ) to obtain a formatter capable of generating timestamps in this format.

// TransactionEvent are elements that contribute to a view of the whole transaction lifecycle. They can be extracted from block logs, or from storage, and merged together to form an up-to-date TransactionLifecycle.

// Describes a method of a service.

// This is an implicit transaction, like `onblock` and `onerror` that is extracted separately from the block itself. TODO: does it have a receipt? It probably has

// The name of the uninterpreted option. Each string represents a segment in a dot-separated name. is_extension is true iff a segment represents an extension (denoted with parentheses in options specs in .proto files). E.g.,{ ["foo", false], ["bar.baz", true], ["moo", false] } represents "foo.(bar.baz).moo".

// Range of reserved tag numbers. Reserved tag numbers may not be used by fields or extension ranges in the same message. Reserved ranges may not overlap.

// Describes an enum type.

// Present in EOSIO 2.x only

// The protocol compiler can output a FileDescriptorSet containing the .proto files it parses.

// Describes a message type.

// Present in EOSIO 1.x only

// Executed contributes the traces of executions

// Range of reserved numeric values. Reserved values may not be used by entries in the same enum. Reserved ranges may not overlap. Note that this is distinct from DescriptorProto.ReservedRange in that it is inclusive such that it can appropriately represent the entire int32 domain.

// Present in EOSIO 2.x only This is the new schedule data layout which is richer than it's oldest counterpart. The inner element for a producer can then be composed with multiple keys, each with their own weight and the threshold required to accept the block signature.

// Present in EOSIO 2.x only

// BlockRef is a pointer to a block to which we don't know the timestamp

// BlockUndoSignal informs you that every bit of data with a block number above 'last_valid_block' has been reverted on-chain. Delete that data and restart from 'last_valid_cursor'

// Describes a oneof.

// `Any` contains an arbitrary serialized protocol buffer message along with a URL that describes the type of the serialized message. Protobuf library provides support to pack/unpack Any values in the form of utility functions or additional generated methods of the Any type. Example 1: Pack and unpack a message in C++. Foo foo = ...; Any any; any.PackFrom(foo); ... if (any.UnpackTo(&foo)) { ... } Example 2: Pack and unpack a message in Java. Foo foo = ...; Any any = Any.pack(foo); ... if (any.is(Foo.class)) { foo = any.unpack(Foo.class); } Example 3: Pack and unpack a message in Python. foo = Foo(...) any = Any() any.Pack(foo) ... if any.Is(Foo.DESCRIPTOR): any.Unpack(foo) ... Example 4: Pack and unpack a message in Go foo := &pb.Foo{...} any, err := anypb.New(foo) if err != nil { ... } ... foo := &pb.Foo{} if err := any.UnmarshalTo(foo); err != nil { ... } The pack methods provided by protobuf library will by default use 'type.googleapis.com/full.type.name' as the type URL and the unpack methods only use the fully qualified type name after the last '/' in the type URL, for example "foo.bar.com/x/y.z" will yield type name "y.z". JSON The JSON representation of an `Any` value uses the regular representation of the deserialized, embedded message, with an additional field `@type` which contains the type URL. Example: package google.profile; message Person { string first_name = 1; string last_name = 2; } { "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.profile.Person", "firstName": <string>, "lastName": <string> } If the embedded message type is well-known and has a custom JSON representation, that representation will be embedded adding a field `value` which holds the custom JSON in addition to the `@type` field. Example (for message [google.protobuf.Duration][]): { "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.protobuf.Duration", "value": "1.212s" }

// ModulesProgress is a message that is sent every 500ms

// Present in EOSIO 1.x only

// ModuleStats gathers metrics and statistics from each module, running on tier1 or tier2 All the 'count' and 'time_ms' values may include duplicate for each stage going over that module

// Present in EOSIO 2.x only This represents the signatures that were used to signed the block. Previously, in EOSIO 1.x, this was a simple public key since only one key could sign a block. In EOSIO 2.x, when `WTMSIG_BLOCK_SIGNATURES` feature is active, the block can be signed with a set of different public keys, each with its own weight as well as the threshold at which point the signatures are accepted. This is actually implemented as a `fc::variant` type in the C++ code, this tainted our own implementation where multiple types can be represented using a `oneof`. Know current types (and version they were introduced): - `BlockSigningAuthorityV0` [Type 0] (EOSIO 2.0)

// Describes a complete .proto file.

// Clock is a pointer to a block with added timestamp

// StoreModuleOutput are produced for store modules in development mode. It is not possible to retrieve store models in production, with parallelization enabled. If you need the deltas directly, write a pass through mapper module that will get them down to you.

// AccountCreation represents the time and place where an account was created on an EOSIO chain. The block referenced is expected to be irreversible.

// Binary represents some code compiled to its binary form.

// BlockWithRefs is a lightweight block, with traces and transactions purged from the `block` within, and only. It is used in transports to pass block data around.

// Encapsulates information about the original source file from which a FileDescriptorProto was generated.

// This is the transaction that is added into a block, in the list of transactions there.

// Describes a service.

// HeaderOnlyBlock is used to optimally unpack the [Block] structure (note the corresponding message number for the `header` field) while consuming less memory, when only the `header` is desired. WARN: this is a client-side optimization pattern and should be moved in the consuming code.

// Describes a field within a message.

// A message representing a option the parser does not recognize. This only appears in options protos created by the compiler::Parser class. DescriptorPool resolves these when building Descriptor objects. Therefore, options protos in descriptor objects (e.g. returned by Descriptor::options(), or produced by Descriptor::CopyTo()) will never have UninterpretedOptions in them.

// Describes the relationship between generated code and its original source file. A GeneratedCodeInfo message is associated with only one generated source file, but may contain references to different source .proto files.

// Describes a value within an enum.

// FIXME: this is really just an output of the implicit transactions, isn't it? We don't have other operations here.. do we? What's the `name` anyway?